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RoboCup gives software a good kicking

May 17, 2005 12:54 PM

It looked like a scene from a science fiction film.

Hugging the sideline, the robot dog waddled down the field and hit a ball with its nose. The ball bounced off the goal post.

It was one of the University of Texas' last chances to get back in the game, which it eventually lost 2-0 to the reigning European champions from Dortmund University in Germany.

Robot dog soccer was one of five games that teams of scholars competed in during the 2005 RoboCup US Open at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The aim of the three-day competition was to develop software for better robots with the long-term goal of fielding a robot soccer team good enough to play a human team by 2050.

"We want to play the best humans versus the best robots," said Alan Wagner, a doctorate student in computer science and artificial intelligence at Georgia Tech.

Four of the competition's events were soccer based. The fifth was a search-and-rescue event in which teams remotely control robots to find victims in a collapsed building in a simulated disaster scenario. The robots whirred through the obstacle course as the sound of crying babies filled the room, and robotic appendages creepily waved back and forth amid the fake rubble.

The soccer games were diverse, with one involving Segway-riding humans playing with robotic Segway teammates in two-on-two competitions. Another featured nimble and boxy 13-cm-high robots forcibly firing a ball about the size of a golf ball across the field. Another was computer-simulated soccer.

By far, the most popular sport was robot dog soccer, which employs two teams of four computer-programmed Sony Aibos. There are no remote controls.

The dogs by default are programmed to act like pets, but when programmers insert their own programs, the computer canines search for the ball with the cameras in their noses, chase it, silently communicate with each other over a wireless network and ultimately try to put the apple-sized ball into the goal. One dog is programmed to be goalkeeper.

In a way, the 1.5-kg, breadbox-sized robots are like real dogs. They're kind of cute. They come alive with a pat on the head, then bounce around and stretch. They even misbehave, unexpectedly running off the field at times - much to their programmers' chagrin.

The game is a lot like real soccer, too. The 5.7-metre field has goal boxes and a centre circle. There are penalties for pushing and obstruction - and the Germans are feared.

Georgia Tech's Wagner said the German universities take the game more seriously than the Americans. Georgia Tech has six students working a few hours a week on the robot dog software, while trying to juggle classwork and research. Conversely, the Germans have about 20 students working 20 hours or more a week - and they're sponsored by Microsoft.

"There's a world of difference between the teams that are not very good and the teams that are really, really good," Wagner said.

Matthias Hebbel, 30, a doctorate student at Dortmund, said he and teammate Walter Nistico first got involved as part of a yearlong project.

"It's so fantastic. We got stuck on it," said Hebbel, now in his fourth year with the team.

While the competition offers a welcome respite for the students, RoboCup US Open Chairman Tucker Balch said the competition has real-world applications.

While technology for batteries, motors and computer processors has rapidly advanced over the last decade - thanks mostly to the rising popularity of laptops and mobile phones - the software to efficiently control all those components has yet to be mastered, said Balch, who also is an assistant professor of computing at Georgia Tech.

"RoboCup is primarily organised to drive software that will make really aware robots possible," Balch said. "Soccer provides a really nice testing environment. Everyone understands soccer so we don't have to explain what they're trying to do."